. Sant Bahadur Nepali
Member of Standing Committee, RCPN.
[Contribution of the Revolutionary Communist Party of Nepal (RCPN),
presented at the International Seminar during the 13th Party Congress of
the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Star (September
16-21, 2026) Raichur, Karnataka, India.]
Hamas’s resistance to Israel in Palestine, which has been enduring years of aggression from Israeli expansionism, erupted in an explosion after rockets were fired at Israel on October 7, 2023. Using this as a pretext, the Zionist state of Israel launched a multi-pronged attack on Hamas in Gaza. American imperialism and Israeli Zionists caused millions in damage to the Gaza Strip through air and missile strikes. Approximately 73,407 Palestinians were killed in the war, including 82 journalists. About 1.9 million Palestinians were displaced from Gaza during the war. Finally, on July 31, 2025, a “disarmament agreement” was reached with American mediation. Although it is said that peace is now established there, the Israeli occupation continues. After the ceasefire with Hamas, the American and Zionist Israeli government attacked Iran, disrupting peace in the Middle East.
American imperialism is terrorizing the world. In Afghanistan, it terrorized the country for 20 years from 2001 to 2021. After Afghanistan and Palestine, the joint aggression of the
United States and Israel is directed at Iran. Imperialism is war, and it cannot exist without
war. To date, as the sole superpower in the world, American imperialism has been taking
the lives of millions of innocent civilians, somewhere in the name of religion and somewhere in the name of race. It has been carrying out mass killings of millions preventing peace from ever taking hold worldwide.
The United States is the world’s largest terrorist country. Therefore, America has become the chief enemy of humankind. Iran and Israel were once considered friendly nations. But after the 1979 Islamic Revolution,the conflict between Iran and Israel began after the overthrow of Reza Pahlavi. While the flames of conflict were already smoldering, in June 2025, Israel declared war by attacking Iran. During that 12-day war, hundreds of scientists, military officers, political leaders, and civilians were killed. The war ended on June 25. However, a permanent ceasefire was not established. On February 28, 2026, American imperialism and Israeli Zionists jointly attacked Iran. A missile attack was launched on the home of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. There, Supreme Leader Khamenei, his family, the head of the Revolutionary Guard Corps, and military officers were killed. Not only that, but the United States also launched a missile attack on a school, killing more than one hundred andfifty students.
The goal of the Israeli Zionist government is to expand Israel, and the goal
of American imperialism is to seize control of the Middle East’s oil energy through Israel.
Memorandum of Understanding as Trump’s Defeat US President Donald Trump thought he could change the government in Iran in two days. He thought he could change the government in Iran the same way he changed the government in Venezuela by attacking the presidential palace overnight and kidnapping President Maduro. In that attack, more than 4 dozen officers, including Revolutionary Guard commanders, intelligence chiefs, and military commanders, were killed. Iran did not surrender to America as Trump had thought.
Nor was it able to change the regime by killing Khamenei. Instead, Iran immediately designated Mojtaba Khamenei as the Supreme Leader; all the people and military forces rallied under his leadership. Donald Trump even threatened to destroy Iran’s entire
civilization if Iran did not surrender as he demanded. But the Iranian people, risking
their lives, formed a human chain thousands of kilometers long to protect bridges, buildings, and factories. Iran gradually improved its military condition and moved forward. As it progressed, the situation reached a point where Donald Trump sought to withdraw from the war with Iran. Even NATO countries did not support him. Iran continuously attacked American military camps in the Middle East. Iran even destroyed the powerful American B-42 bombers. Donald Trump’s defense budget was not enough to continue. The debt kept piling up. Trump had never imagined the war would last this long. After facing massive opposition from within his own country, President Trump pleaded with Russia and
China to broker a ceasefire. He received no help from anywhere.
Finally, on June 18, 2026, in Versailles, France, a 14-point memorandum of understanding
was signed by the United States and Iran to establish a temporary ceasefire. Trump called
the agreement a victory for America. But in reality, it was not an American “victory.” It was
an embarrassing defeat. The provisions included in the 14-point memorandum of understanding were unfavorable to America. Trump called the agreement a “victory” for America. But in reality, it was not an American “victory.” It was a shameful defeat. The provisions included in the 14-point agreement were almost entirely in Iran’s favor, not America’s. However, given Trump’s unreliability, Iran treated it as a routine occurrence.
The provisions of the memorandum of
understanding can be summarized as follows:
One, an immediate and permanent end to military operations on all fronts, including
Lebanon; two, the United States and Iran will respect each other’s sovereignty and respect
the territorial integrity and not interfere in each other’s internal affairs, three, to sign a
final agreement within a maximum of 60 days, four, for the United States to immediately
begin lifting the naval blockade and to fully end the blockade within 30 days, five, for 60 days, Iran will open safe passage in the Strait of Hormuz for all commercial ships, six, the United States will provide at least 300 billion US dollars to Iran as reparations for its reconstruction and economic development, seven, the United States will remove all types of sanctions imposed against Iran, eight, Iranwill not build nuclear weapons and the controversial issue of uranium enrichment will discuss and finalize between two countries (the US and Iran), nine, until a final agreement is reached, the US and Iran will maintain the status quo, ten, after signing, between the two countries (the US and Iran) after discussion, nine, until a final agreement is reached, the US and Iran will maintain the status quo, ten, after signing, the US will allow the export of all related services, including Iranian crude oil, petroleum products, until the sanctions are lifted, eleven, release of Iran’s frozen assets, twelve, to establish an executive mechanism to monitor the implementation of this Memorandum of Understanding, thirteen, the United States and Iran will begin negotiations on a final agreement on other issues provided that the implementation of points no. 1, 5, 4, 10, and 11, and fourteen, the final agreement to be approved by a binding resolution of the United Nations Security Council.
America’s Face-Saving Problem
There could be two possible reasons behind Trump’s approval of such a memorandum of
understanding: One, the danger of him being isolated from the war and that America could
be ruined if the war is not stopped, and the other, he was running out of military stockpiles
and needed to take a break and build up his strength. But Israel, claiming the agreement
between America and Iran was unacceptable to it, continued its attack on Lebanon, and
Netanyahu said, “We are not slaves to America.” This memorandum of understanding revealed a minor disagreement between Israel and the United States. That remains till now. Thus, because Israel did not accept it, the memorandum of understanding
gradually became unacceptable not only to Israel but also to the United States, and Trump
has continued to carry out attacks on Iran.Even though America tried to finish Iran off
with its full might, Iran has come back even stronger. No matter how many American
military bases there are in the Middle East, Iran has launched even larger attacks there. A
prime example is the major attack on America’s largest military base in Bahrain,
which occurred the day after the U.S. attacked Iran during a ceasefire. Now, Saudi Arabia has also joined the fight against Iran. Iran has continued its simultaneous attacks on
American military camps in countries like Qatar, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan,
and Yemen. It is also warning those countries not to assist America. Iran is also taking control of the Strait of Hormuz. It has foiled the blockade the U.S. was trying to impose. It has laid mines underwater to stop American ships. It is destroying the large warships sent by America at sea. It has destroyed several powerful bombers in mid-air. As a result,
America is being defeated on all fronts. The US is finding it difficult to maintain its status as
a superpower. However, it would be wrong to conclude that it has been weakened forever.
As Lenin said, imperialism is war. Without war, imperialism cannot survive for even a single
day. The imperialist countries that emerged before World War II were confined to their
respective nations after the war. Taking advantage of this, America had been establishing itself as a unipolar superpower. American imperialism, with its strategic goal of ruling the entire world, has been driven to the brink of a war with Iran. It cannot occupy it, nor
can it withdraw from the war without achieving anything. In reality, America wants to seize
Iran’s nuclear power. It has made several attempts to destroy the nuclear reactors, but
has failed. It wants to gain sole control of Iran’s oil after forcing it to surrender. After Iran
imposed a blockade on the Strait of Hormuz, America has intensified its attacks. But Iran is
withstanding it all. The Strait of Hormuz is a chokepoint through which 20 percent of the
world’s oil is shipped to the outside world. This has ended American dominance over oil
energy.
The Iran–America war in the Middle East is a regional war. There is no sign of it developing
into a third world war. Even nuclear-armed countries like Russia, China, and North Korea,
which oppose American imperialism and provide Iran with technical and diplomatic
support, are not directly involved in the war. Iran has been using its low-cost, homegrown
drones and missiles to destroy expensive American missiles and warships. Thus, it has
been proven that Iran can wage a long war, while America is having to spend one billion
dollars a day. This is causing America to become financially weaker day by day. As
America weakens, its leadership in NATO is also weakening. What will America’s position
be in this situation? This is being analyzed. If a small, oppressed country like Iran has already stripped America of its ability to fight, what will its fate be if it has to go to war with Russia or China tomorrow? Can it fight dozens of countries alone, as Iran does? It cannot. It will no longer have the same standing as Iran. Even if this fight were to continue, America could not last even 2/4 months against Iran. In this situation, America no longer seems able to remain a unipolar superpower. Now the world appears to be moving towards a competition of multipolar powers. Iran is setting new records in missile production. In
every country where the United States has asserted its dominance, there is opposition to American imperialism. The United States is not receiving direct military assistance from other countries. But on the other hand, countries like Russia, China, and North Korea are increasing their military capabilities.
The Task of the Communists
The Iran–America war has proven that if the people want to take on an imperialist power,
they can defeat it, no matter how powerful the imperialist power is. Comrade Mao was right
when he said, “Imperialists are paper tigers.”The brave Iranian people will certainly defeat American imperialism and Zionist Israel. The reason the victory of the Iranian people is
assured is that Iran is fighting a just war. Therefore, it has the broad support of the
world’s oppressed nations and working people. Although Iran’s anti-imperialist role is
supported worldwide, its Muslim fundamentalist policy cannot be supported and is not in the interest of the Iranian people. The principal contradiction in the world today is that between imperialism and the oppressed nations and peoples. At the same time,
contradictions among the imperialists also exist. However, the possibility of taking
advantage of these inter-imperialist contradictions in favor of national liberation
movements or new democratic revolutions cannot be ruled out. In this situation, the
oppressed nations and peoples of the world have no choice but to unite against
imperialism.
After World War II, imperialism began to impose neocolonial policies on
underdeveloped and capitalist-oriented countries. Imperialism has been implementing
neocolonial policies in capitalist and underdeveloped countries by establishing its
puppet governments and intervening in their economic policies, military control, cultural
invasion, and even politics. Especially, American imperialism seeks to establish its
dominance over all countries in the world. It occasionally threatens even Russia, China,
North Korea, and other countries that do not
make deals with it.
American imperialism has military bases in more than 170 countries worldwide, and it also maintains security agencies in many countries under the guise of embassy security and military attachés. As a result, all countries, from the large to the small, poor, weak, and underdeveloped ones, are under the direct or indirect control of American imperialism. In this way, these countries have become victims of neo-colonial oppression. For this purpose, it has also formed military alliances, including NATO. If a country does not want to maintain diplomatic relations, it begins to impose a blockade on it. It forced the then-governments to pass the Millennium Challenge Compact (MCC) in Nepal. Eventually, the MCC was passed under the coalition government led by Sher Bahadur Deuba. Today, Nepal is not only a semi-colony of Indian expansionism, but it is also becoming a neo-colony of American imperialism and Indian expansionism. Only the revolutionary communists in their own countries can conduct the national liberation movement against imperialism and the socialist revolution. Depending on the situation of the respective country, communists must fight for a new democratic and socialist revolution or anational liberation movement.
Only revolutionary communists can do that work. Communists are not only patriots but also internationalists. Therefore, only a strong organization of communists worldwide can
bring about liberation from all forms of imperialist oppression, including American
imperialism. The task of communists today is to fight for democratic rights and national
independence against the comprador bourgeoisie and imperialist forces in their own
countries. Both Nepal and India are countries oppressed by imperialism. The people of both countries are suffering from the neo-colonial policies ofthe imperialists. American imperialism has established its puppet governments in both countries to control the economic, political, and cultural spheres. To maintain this control, imperialism is using these puppet governments to implement fascist policies and strip the people of their democratic rights. But the irony is that India is becoming an emerging superpower in South Asia. Along with its monopolistic capitalism, the puppet Modi government has been imposing semi-colonial and neo-colonial oppression on Nepal. The Nepalese people have been opposing Indian expansionism’s exploitation, oppression, and territorial encroachment on Nepal. On one hand, India is a victim of neo-colonial exploitation, while on the other, it has also been perpetrating semi-colonial and neo-colonial exploitation and oppression
against its South Asian neighboring nations, including Nepal. For the revolutionary people
of both countries, combative unity has become a historical necessity for the struggle
against their puppet governments. The people of both countries need to advance by
building broad unity to defend their national independence, sovereignty, and territorial
integrity, and to move forward on the path toward building a new democracy, socialism,
and a communist society.
Conclusion
Iran has also suffered great losses in the Iran-America war, as the US has unleashed a
massive bombing campaign. But the people there are not panicking or looking to surrender.
They are ready to fight against the American-Zionists until their last breath. Their patriotic feelings, revolutionary courage, and their struggle against imperialism have not diminished in the slightest by the attacks from the powerful American bombers. The American-Jewish warmongering rulers have been terrorizing the people of the world with their weapons. They have been committing the brutal murders of millions of innocent people. But the war taught that their powerful weaponry proved weak in the face of patriotic people. Now, the common perception of American imperialism as a superpower is changing. American imperialism has now been driven onto the defensive. The world is beginning to look to Iran to take the lead in the fight against imperialism. But the end of imperialist oppression does not come about by replacing one with another. Rather, it is through the militant unity of millions upon millions of working people that imperialism can be ended forever. It is worth remembering that Lenin’s slogan, “Workers of the world and oppressed nations, unite!” remains relevant today.
